Hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua ntawv ntawm "pulping - papermaking - finishing", lub tshuab ua kom zoo yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov fiber thiab cov ntawv zoo. Los ntawm kev siv lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg, lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuab thiab tshuaj lom neeg, nws txiav, fibrillates, 帚化 (fibrillation), thiab ua kom cov fibers pulp zoo, ua rau cov fibers xoob qub los tsim lub zog sib txuas zoo dua, thiab thaum kawg muab daim ntawv nrog kev ua tau zoo xws li lub zog, kev sib xws, thiab kev nqus kua mem. Los ntawm cov tshuab zeb ib txwm mus rau cov khoom siv ntse niaj hnub, kev siv tshuab ntawm cov tshuab ua kom zoo yeej ib txwm tsom mus rau peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "kev ua haujlwm siab, kev ua kom raug, thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob", ua qhov kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam ua ntawv.

I. Cov Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb thiab Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Chaw Ua Roj

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg ua kom zoo dua yog "ua kom cov qauv fiber zoo dua", thiab nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem sau ua "kev hloov kho fiber hauv qab kev ua haujlwm kho tshuab":

• Lub Ntsiab Cai Tseem CeebThaum cov pulp hla ntawm cov discs (lossis yob) ntawm lub tshuab ua kom huv, nws raug rau cov zog sib xyaw ua ke xws li shearing, extrusion, thiab kneading. Cov phab ntsa fiber cell raug rhuav tshem los ua microfibrils, thiab qhov chaw tsim cov qauv fibrillated ntom. Tib lub sijhawm, cov fibers ntev dhau lawm raug txiav kom raug, ua rau qhov faib ntev ntawm cov fiber ntau dua raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua ntawv.
• Cov Haujlwm Tseem CeebUa ntej, txhim kho lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov fiber kom daim ntawv muaj lub zog tensile txaus, lub zog rhuav tshem, thiab lub zog tawg; qhov thib ob, txhim kho qhov sib xws ntawm cov fiber sib xyaw ua ke kom ntseeg tau tias daim ntawv sib npaug thiab tiaj tus; qhov thib peb, hloov kho rau qhov xav tau ntawm ntau hom ntawv, xws li ntawv kab lis kev cai xav tau cov fiber zoo kom txhim kho kev luam ntawv, thiab ntawv ntim khoom xav tau cov fiber tuab thiab ntev kom txhim kho qhov tawv.

II. Cov Hom Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Yam Ntxwv ntawm Cov Tshuab Ua Roj

Raws li kev tsim qauv, txoj kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov chaw ua kom zoo nkauj hauv kev lag luam ntawv feem ntau yog muab faib ua plaub pawg hauv qab no, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj kev siv tshuab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm daim ntawv thov:

1. Lub Tshuab Ua Kom Zoo Dua Disc

• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev: Muaj ib lub disc ruaj khov (disc ruaj khov) thiab ib lub disc tig (disc tig). Lub ntsej muag ntawm lub disc raug faib nrog cov cheeb tsam sib tsoo ntawm cov hniav sib txawv (xws li serrated, trapezoidal, spiral), thiab qhov muaj zog refining raug tswj los ntawm kev kho qhov sib txawv ntawm lub disc.
• Cov Kev Zoo ntawm Kev Siv Tshuab: Kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm kev ua kom huv, kev hloov kho cov fiber sib xws. Nws tuaj yeem hloov kho rau ntau yam pulps (ntoo pulp, straw pulp, ntawv pov tseg pulp) los ntawm kev hloov cov duab hniav disc, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv ua kom huv siv dav tshaj plaws suav nrog ntawv kab lis kev cai, ntawv ntim khoom, ntawv so quav, thiab lwm yam ntawv.
• Cov Hom PhiajLub tshuab ua kom huv si ib lub disc (ua haujlwm rau ib sab ntawm lub disc), lub tshuab ua kom huv si ob lub disc (ua haujlwm rau ob sab ntawm lub disc tib lub sijhawm), lub tshuab ua kom huv si peb lub disc (lub disc nruab nrab ruaj khov + ob lub discs tig ib sab, ua haujlwm tau zoo dua).

2. Lub Tshuab Ua Kom Zoo Nkauj Conical

• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev: Txais yuav kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm conical stator thiab rotor. Pulp spirally nce mus raws qhov sib txawv conical, raug rau kev txiav thiab extrusion tas mus li. Qhov kev ua kom zoo tuaj yeem tswj tau meej los ntawm kev kho qhov sib txawv conical.
• Cov Kev Zoo ntawm Kev Siv Tshuab: Txo cov fiber ntau, zoo fibrillation effect, haum rau cov ntawv uas xav tau cov fiber ntau khaws cia ntev (xws li ntawv kraft, linerboard). Nws kuj muaj kev ruaj khov ua haujlwm zoo thiab siv hluav taws xob tsawg, feem ntau siv rau kev ua kom huv ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg lossis kev ua cov ntawv zoo.

3. Lub Tshuab Ua Kom Zoo Nkauj Cylindrical

• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev: Muaj cov yob sib tsoo cylindrical thiab lub phaj sib tsoo zoo li arc. Qhov chaw sib tsoo yob muaj cov hniav sib tsoo transverse lossis spiral. Kev sib hloov ntawm cov yob sib tsoo tsav cov pulp ntws thiab ua tiav cov txheej txheem refining.
• Cov Kev Zoo ntawm Kev Siv Tshuab: Muaj kev kam rau siab rau cov khoom tsis huv (xws li cov xuab zeb, cov yas tawg) hauv cov pulp, tsis yooj yim rau txhaws. Haum rau kev sib tsoo cov ntawv pov tseg pulp lossis kev kho ua ntej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau xws li straw pulp, feem ntau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo ntawm cov kab ntau lawm pulping.

4. Kev Ua Kom Zoo Sib Xws

• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev: Haum rau cov chaw uas muaj cov pulp sib xws heev (15% -40%). Nws siv lub cuab yeej pub mis tshwj xeeb (xws li lub hau ntswj pub mis) kom ntseeg tau tias cov pulp nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw sib tsoo sib npaug. Cov hniav disc feem ntau yog cov hniav dav thiab qhov chaw loj kom txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm kev sib tsoo fiber.
• Cov Kev Zoo ntawm Kev Siv Tshuab: Qib siab ntawm cov fiber fibrillation, lub zog sib txuas muaj zog, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm daim ntawv. Hauv cov chaw muaj kev sib xws siab, kev txiav fiber tsawg dua thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov ntawv qib siab (xws li ntawv coated, ntawv tshwj xeeb) lossis kev ua cov pulp uas xav tau kev sib txuas fiber muaj zog siab.

III. Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Cai Xaiv ntawm Cov Chaw Ua Roj

1. Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb

• Kev ua kom zoo sib xws: Muab faib ua qhov sib xws tsawg (≤8%), qhov sib xws nruab nrab (8%-15%), thiab qhov sib xws siab (≥15%). Qhov sib xws ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev ua kom huv thiab cov qauv fiber, xws li kev ua kom huv siab uas tsom mus rau fibrillation thiab kev ua kom huv qis uas tsom mus rau kev txiav.
• Qhov Sib Txawv ntawm Disc: Ib qho tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab qhov muaj zog ntawm kev ua kom huv. Qhov sib txawv me dua, qhov muaj zog ntawm kev ua kom huv siab dua. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov kho raws li qhov xav tau ntawm hom ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pulp (feem ntau tswj hwm ntawm 0.1-1.0 hli).
• Cov duab ntawm cov hniav disc thiab qhov dav ntawm cov hniav: Cov duab ntawm cov hniav cuam tshuam rau txoj kev uas cov fibers raug nias (cov duab ntawm cov hniav zoo li shear yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txiav, cov duab ntawm cov hniav kneading yog qhov tsim nyog rau fibrillation). Qhov dav ntawm cov hniav txiav txim siab qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm thaj chaw sib tsoo, uas yuav tsum phim cov hom pulp thiab lub hom phiaj refining.
• Lub zog ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab kev sib hloov ceevLub zog txiav txim siab txog lub peev xwm ua kom huv (feem ntau yog 55-1000kW), thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev sib hloov cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev ntawm lub disc linear (feem ntau yog 1500-3000r/min). Qhov ceev ntawm kab siab dua txhais tau tias muaj zog txiav ntau dua, tsim nyog rau kev xav tau kev ua kom huv siab.
• Peev XwmXaiv raws li qhov loj ntawm cov kab ntau lawm. Lub peev xwm ntawm ib lub cuab yeej feem ntau yog 5-100t / hnub, thiab cov kab ntau lawm tuaj yeem txais yuav ntau-unit series lossis parallel configuration.

2. Cov Ntsiab Cai Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Xaiv

• Hloov Kho Kom Haum Rau Cov Kev Xav Tau Ntawm Hom NtawvRau cov ntawv ntim khoom muaj zog siab, qhov tseem ceeb yog muab rau cov tshuab ua kom zoo sib xws lossis cov tshuab ua kom zoo nkauj conical; rau cov ntawv zoo nkauj, cov tshuab ua kom zoo nkauj ob-disc lossis cov tshuab ua kom zoo nkauj peb-disc tuaj yeem xaiv tau; rau cov ntawv pov tseg pulp ua tiav, cov tshuab ua kom zoo nkauj cylindrical lossis cov tshuab ua kom zoo nkauj disc tiv taus cov khoom tsis huv yog qhov zoo dua.
• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sib phim: Cov ntoo pulp muaj cov fibers ntev, yog li tsom mus rau fibrillation, thiab cov refiners siab-sib xws lossis conical refiners yog xaiv tau; straw pulp muaj cov fibers luv luv, yog li qib ntawm kev txiav yuav tsum tau tswj, thiab cov disc refiners qis-sib xws yog xaiv tau; cov ntawv pov tseg pulp muaj ntau yam tsis huv, yog li cov khoom siv tiv thaiv clogging yuav tsum tau xaiv.
• Kev Sib Npaug ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo thiab Kev Siv Hluav Taws XobUa ke nrog cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kab ntau lawm, xaiv cov khoom siv uas siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Piv txwv li, cov kab ntau lawm loj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuab ua kom huv triple-disc, thiab cov kab ntau lawm me thiab nruab nrab tuaj yeem siv cov tshuab ua kom huv ib-disc lossis cov tshuab ua kom huv ob-disc.
• Xav txog kev hloov pauv ntseCov chaw ua roj refining niaj hnub no feem ntau muaj PLC tswj systems, uas tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov txheej txheem ua roj refining tiag tiag (xws li qhov ntev ntawm cov fiber, qhov sib xws ntawm cov pulp, qhov xwm txheej hnav disc) thiab kev tswj hwm kaw-voj tsis siv neeg. Thaum xaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sib xyaw cov theem kev txawj ntse ntawm cov kab ntau lawm thiab muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem sib txuas lus thiab yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm.

IV. Cov Qauv Kev Txhim Kho Tshuab ntawm Cov Chaw Ua Roj

Nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam ua ntawv mus rau "ntsuab qis-carbon, kev txawj ntse ua haujlwm siab, thiab zoo", cov thev naus laus zis refiner nthuav qhia peb qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb:

• Kev Txhim Kho Txawj Ntse: Sib koom ua ke cov sensors, Internet of Things, thiab AI technology los ua kom pom tseeb tias cov txheej txheem refining ua haujlwm tiag tiag thiab kev tswj hwm kaw-voj voog tsis siv neeg, txhim kho qhov tseeb thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm refining.
• Kev Txhim Kho Kom Txuag Tau Hluav Taws Xob: Txhim kho qhov kev tsim qauv ntawm lub disc (xws li cov hniav bionic), siv cov motors ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab cov thev naus laus zis hloov pauv zaus kom txo tau kev siv zog ntawm kev ua kom huv. Qee lub tshuab ua kom huv hom tshiab txo kev siv zog los ntawm 15% -30% piv rau cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj.
• Kev Sib Koom Tes Ntau YamTsim cov khoom siv "refining - screening - purification" uas sib xyaw ua ke los txo cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab qhov chaw hauv pem teb ntawm cov khoom siv; tsom mus rau cov kev xav tau ntawv tshwj xeeb, tsim cov tshuab refining tshwj xeeb (xws li cov tshuab refining fiber zoo heev, cov tshuab bio-mechanical pulp tshwj xeeb) los nthuav cov xwm txheej siv.

Raws li "lub hauv paus tseem ceeb" ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv, qib kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua kom huv yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam ua ntawv nrhiav kev txhim kho zoo, xaiv cov hom chaw ua kom huv, ua kom zoo dua cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb, thiab ua raws li cov qauv kev txhim kho ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob yuav dhau los ua qhov lav tseem ceeb rau cov tuam txhab kom txhim kho lawv qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb.