Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov tshuab ntawv, ntau yam yob ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, txij li kev tshem dej ntawm cov ntaub ntub dej mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub qhuav. Raws li ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuab ntawv yob, "crown" - txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv me me nws cuam tshuam - ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov sib xws thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov ntawv zoo. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis crown ntawm cov tshuab ntawv yob los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhais, txoj cai ua haujlwm, kev faib tawm, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qauv, thiab kev saib xyuas, qhia txog nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim ntawv.

1. Kev Txhais ntawm Crown: Lub Luag Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb hauv Qhov Txawv Me Me

"Crown" (hais ua lus Askiv li "Crown") yog hais txog cov qauv geometric tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntawv tshuab yob raws txoj kab axial (ntev). Lub cheeb tsam nruab nrab ntawm lub cev yob yog me ntsis loj dua li ntawm thaj chaw kawg, tsim ib daim duab zoo li "lub nruas duav". Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cheeb tsam no feem ntau ntsuas hauv micrometers (μm), thiab tus nqi crown ntawm qee cov ntawv yob loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.1-0.5 hli.

Lub cim qhia tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov tsim ntawm lub kaus mom yog "tus nqi ntawm lub kaus mom", uas yog xam raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev yob (feem ntau ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev taw qhia axial) thiab qhov dav ntawm qhov kawg ntawm yob. Hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev tsim lub kaus mom suav nrog kev teeb tsa qhov sib txawv me me no los daws qhov "nruab nrab sag" deformation ntawm lub yob los ntawm cov yam xws li lub zog thiab kev hloov pauv kub thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Thaum kawg, nws ua tiav qhov kev faib tawm ntawm lub siab sib cuag thoob plaws tag nrho qhov dav ntawm qhov chaw yob thiab daim ntawv web (lossis lwm yam khoom sib cuag), tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv.

2. Cov Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb ntawm Lub Pob Zeb: Kev Them Rov Qab rau Qhov Kev Hloov Pauv thiab Tswj Xyuas Qhov Siab Sib Npaug

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv yob tshuab, kev hloov pauv yog qhov tsis zam vim yog cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev hloov pauv kub, thiab lwm yam. Yog tsis muaj kev tsim lub kaus mom, qhov kev hloov pauv no yuav ua rau muaj kev sib cuag tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw yob thiab daim ntawv web - "siab dua ntawm ob qho kawg thiab qis dua hauv nruab nrab" - ncaj qha ua rau muaj teeb meem zoo xws li qhov hnyav tsis sib xws thiab kev tsis sib xws ntawm daim ntawv. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaus mom yog nyob rau hauv kev ua kom them nyiaj rau cov kev hloov pauv no, uas tau pom tseeb hauv cov hauv qab no:

2.1 Kev them nyiaj rau kev khoov dov Deformation

Thaum cov ntawv yob tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab ntawv, xws li cov ntawv yob nias thiab cov ntawv yob calender, ua haujlwm, lawv yuav tsum siv lub zog siab rau cov ntawv web. Piv txwv li, lub zog siab ntawm cov ntawv yob nias tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100-500 kN / m. Rau cov ntawv yob nrog qhov ntev loj-rau-txoj kab uas hla (piv txwv li, qhov ntev ntawm cov ntawv yob nias hauv cov tshuab ntawv dav dav tuaj yeem yog 8-12 meters), kev hloov pauv elastic ntawm kev khoov qis hauv nruab nrab tshwm sim hauv qab kev nyuaj siab, zoo ib yam li "kev khoov ntawm lub xub pwg nyom hauv qab kev thauj khoom". Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau muaj kev sib cuag siab ntau dhau ntawm cov ntawv yob kawg thiab cov ntawv web, thaum lub zog siab hauv nruab nrab tsis txaus. Yog li ntawd, cov ntawv web dhau los ua dej ntau dhau ntawm ob qho kawg (ua rau qhuav heev thiab qhov hnyav qis) thiab tsis muaj dej ntau dhau hauv nruab nrab (ua rau qhuav tsawg thiab qhov hnyav qis).

Txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv "drum-shaped" ntawm lub kaus mom tsim kom ntseeg tau tias tom qab lub yob khoov, tag nrho cov nplaim ntawm lub yob tseem nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub vev xaib ntawv, ua tiav kev faib tawm siab sib npaug. Qhov no zoo daws cov kev pheej hmoo zoo los ntawm kev khoov deformation.

2.2 Kev them nyiaj rau Kev Hloov Pauv Thermal ntawm Yob

Qee cov yob, xws li cov yob qhia thiab cov yob calender hauv qhov chaw ziab, raug nthuav dav thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm vim yog kev sib cuag nrog cov ntawv kub thiab cua sov. Vim tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub cev yob tau sov dua (qhov kawg txuas nrog cov kabmob thiab tso cua sov sai dua), nws qhov kev nthuav dav thermal yog loj dua li ntawm qhov kawg, ua rau "qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub cev yob." Hauv qhov no, kev siv cov qauv tsim yas ib txwm yuav ua rau qhov siab sib cuag tsis sib xws. Yog li ntawd, "lub kaus mom tsis zoo" (qhov twg txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov nruab nrab me dua li ntawm qhov kawg, tseem hu ua "lub kaus mom rov qab") yuav tsum tau tsim los daws qhov kev nthuav dav ntxiv los ntawm kev nthuav dav thermal, xyuas kom meej tias qhov siab sib cuag sib xws ntawm qhov chaw yob.

2.3 Kev them nyiaj rau qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw dov

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, qee cov yob (xws li cov roj hmab nias yob) ntsib kev sib txhuam ntau zaus ntawm ntug ntawm daim ntawv web (vim tias ntug ntawm daim ntawv web feem ntau nqa cov khoom tsis huv), ua rau hnav sai dua ntawm qhov kawg dua li hauv nruab nrab. Yog tsis muaj kev tsim lub kaus mom, qhov chaw yob yuav qhia "qhov bulge hauv nruab nrab thiab sag ntawm qhov kawg" tom qab hnav, uas ua rau cuam tshuam rau kev faib siab. Los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub kaus mom, qhov sib xws ntawm qhov chaw yob tuaj yeem tswj tau thaum ntxov ntawm kev hnav, txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pabcuam ntawm yob thiab txo cov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tsim khoom los ntawm kev hnav.

3. Kev faib tawm ntawm lub kaus mom: Cov kev xaiv txuj ci uas hloov kho rau cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm sib txawv

Raws li hom tshuab ntawv (ceev qis/ceev siab, dav nqaim/dav dav), kev ua haujlwm dov (nias/calendering/guiding), thiab cov txheej txheem xav tau, lub kaus mom tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom. Cov hom kaus mom sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv tsim, cov txheej txheem kho, thiab cov xwm txheej siv, raws li tau piav qhia hauv cov lus hauv qab no:

4. Cov Yam Tseem Ceeb Uas Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tse: Kev Xam Xam Kom Tseeb Kom Haum Rau Cov Kev Xav Tau Ntau Lawm

Tus nqi ntawm lub kaus mom tsis yog teem raws li qhov xav tau; nws yuav tsum tau suav kom meej raws li cov kev ntsuas dov thiab cov xwm txheej txheej txheem kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua haujlwm tau zoo. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim lub kaus mom feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

4.1 Qhov Loj thiab Cov Khoom Siv ntawm Yob

1. Lub cev ntev (L): Lub cev yob ntev dua, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov khoov ntau dua nyob rau hauv tib lub siab, thiab yog li ntawd qhov loj dua ntawm tus nqi crown xav tau. Piv txwv li, cov yob ntev hauv cov tshuab ntawv dav dav xav tau tus nqi crown loj dua li cov yob luv hauv cov tshuab ntawv dav dav kom them rau kev hloov pauv.
2. Yob Lub Cev Txoj Kab uas hla (D): Lub cev yob me dua, qhov rigidity qis dua, thiab qhov yooj yim dua uas yob yuav deformation nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj tus nqi loj dua. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov yob uas muaj txoj kab uas hla loj dua muaj kev rigidity siab dua, thiab tus nqi crown tuaj yeem txo qis kom haum.
3. Khoom Rigidity: Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm lub cev yob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nruj; piv txwv li, cov hlau yob muaj qhov nruj dua li cov hlau cam khwb cia. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov nruj qis dua qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntau dua nyob rau hauv qhov siab, xav tau tus nqi loj dua.

4.2 Kev Ua Haujlwm Siab (Kev Siab Kab)

Lub siab ua haujlwm (siab linear) ntawm cov yob xws li cov yob nias thiab cov yob calender yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim lub kaus mom. Qhov siab linear ntau dua, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev khoov deformation ntawm lub cev yob, thiab tus nqi yas yuav tsum tau nce raws li kom them rau qhov deformation. Lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo tuaj yeem qhia tau los ntawm cov mis yooj yim: Crown Value H ≈ (P × L³) / (48 × E × I), qhov twg P yog lub siab linear, L yog qhov ntev ntawm yob, E yog elastic modulus ntawm cov khoom, thiab kuv yog lub sijhawm ntawm inertia ntawm qhov seem ntawm yob. Piv txwv li, lub siab linear ntawm cov yob nias rau daim ntawv ntim khoom feem ntau yog ntau dua 300 kN / m, yog li tus nqi yas sib xws yuav tsum loj dua li ntawm cov yob nias rau daim ntawv kab lis kev cai nrog qis dua linear siab.

4.3 Kev Ceev ntawm Lub Tshuab thiab Hom Ntawv

1. Tshuab CeevThaum cov tshuab ntawv ceev ceev (ceev > 1200 m/min) ua haujlwm, daim ntawv web rhiab heev rau qhov sib npaug ntawm lub siab dua li cov tshuab ntawv ceev qis. Txawm tias qhov kev hloov pauv me me ntawm lub siab kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntawv tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuab ntawv ceev ceev feem ntau siv "lub kaus mom tswj tau" kom paub txog kev them nyiaj tiag tiag rau kev hloov pauv dynamic thiab xyuas kom muaj lub siab ruaj khov.
2. Hom ntawvCov ntawv sib txawv muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom sib npaug ntawm lub zog. Cov ntawv so tes (piv txwv li, daim ntawv so quav uas muaj qhov hnyav li ntawm 10-20 g/m²) muaj qhov hnyav qis thiab rhiab heev rau qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub zog, xav tau kev tsim lub hau yas uas raug siab heev. Qhov sib txawv, cov ntawv tuab (piv txwv li, daim ntawv cardboard uas muaj qhov hnyav li ntawm 150-400 g/m²) muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub zog, yog li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug ntawm lub hau yas tuaj yeem txo qis kom haum.

5. Cov Teeb Meem thiab Kev Txij Nkawm Rau Cov Hniav: Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Raws Sijhawm Kom Paub Tseeb Tias Muaj Kev Tsim Khoom Ruaj Khov

Kev tsim lub hau tsis tsim nyog lossis kev saib xyuas tsis zoo yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv thiab ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov teeb meem ntawm lub hau thiab cov kev daws teeb meem yog raws li nram no:

5.1 Tus nqi ntawm lub yas loj dhau

Yog tias tus nqi ntawm lub hau loj dhau, ces yuav muaj kev nias ntau dhau rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim ntawv, ua rau daim ntawv hnyav tsawg thiab qhuav heev. Yog tias muaj teeb meem loj, nws yuav ua rau daim ntawv "poob" (cov fiber tawg), uas yuav ua rau daim ntawv tsis muaj zog thiab tsis zoo nkauj.

Kev Tiv ThaivRau cov yob ruaj khov uas siv rau hauv cov tshuab ntawv ceev qis, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov cov yob nrog tus nqi tsim nyog. Rau cov yob tswj tau hauv cov tshuab ntawv ceev ceev, lub zog hydraulic lossis pneumatic tuaj yeem txo los ntawm lub kaw lus tswj tau kom txo tus nqi kom txog thaum qhov kev faib tawm siab sib xws.

5.2 Tus nqi ntawm lub yas me dhau

Tus nqi ntawm lub hau me dhau ua rau muaj qhov siab tsis txaus nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv yob, ua rau cov ntawv tsis muaj dej txaus nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, qhuav tsawg, hnyav heev, thiab tsis zoo xws li "cov chaw ntub dej". Tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ziab tom qab.

Kev Tiv ThaivRau cov yob yas ruaj khov, lub cev yob yuav tsum tau rov ua dua kom nce tus nqi yas. Rau cov yob yas uas tswj tau, lub zog hydraulic lossis pneumatic tuaj yeem nce kom nce tus nqi yas, kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog hauv nruab nrab ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem xav tau.

5.3 Kev Hnav Tsis Sib Xws ntawm Cov Duab Yas

Tom qab siv ntev, qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv yuav puas. Yog tias qhov puas tsis sib npaug, daim duab ntawm daim ntawv yuav tsis zoo li qub, thiab yuav muaj cov "tsis sib npaug" tshwm sim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv. Qhov no ua rau muaj cov qhov tsis zoo xws li "kab txaij" thiab "qhov nkhaus" ntawm daim ntawv, ua rau daim ntawv tsis zoo nkauj.

Kev Tiv Thaiv: Tshawb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm lub yob tsis tu ncua. Thaum qhov hnav mus txog qee qib, sib tsoo thiab kho qhov chaw ntawm lub yob raws sijhawm (piv txwv li, rov sib tsoo dua qhov nkhaus ntawm cov roj hmab yob) kom rov qab zoo li qub thiab qhov loj ntawm lub yas thiab tiv thaiv kev hnav ntau dhau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom.

6. Xaus Lus

Raws li ib qho thev naus laus zis zoo li tsis pom tseeb tab sis tseem ceeb heev, lub crown ntawm lub tshuab ntawv yob yog lub hauv paus rau kev ua kom cov ntawv zoo sib xws. Txij li lub crown ruaj khov hauv cov tshuab ntawv ceev qis mus rau lub crown tswj tau hauv cov tshuab ntawv ceev ceev, dav dav, kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm cov thev naus laus zis crown yeej ib txwm tsom mus rau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm "kev them rov qab deformation thiab ua tiav qhov siab sib xws", hloov kho rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm ntawv sib txawv. Kev tsim lub crown tsim nyog tsis yog tsuas yog daws cov teeb meem zoo xws li qhov hnyav tsis sib xws ntawm daim ntawv thiab kev dewatering tsis zoo tab sis kuj txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab ntawv (txo cov lej ntawm cov ntawv tawg) thiab txo kev siv zog (zam kev ziab dhau). Nws yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawv mus rau "zoo, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab siv zog tsawg". Hauv kev tsim ntawv yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm cov khoom siv precision thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov thev naus laus zis crown yuav dhau los ua kom zoo dua thiab ntse dua, pab txhawb ntau dua rau kev txhim kho zoo ntawm kev lag luam ntawv.