Keeb kwm ntawm Kraft ntawv

Kraft Paper Cov lus sib xws rau "muaj zog" hauv German yog "cowhide".

Thaum pib, cov ntaub ntawv raw rau ntawv yog rags thiab fermented pulp yog siv. Tom qab ntawd, nrog kev tsim ntawm lub crusher, cov txheej txheem pulping tau txais yuav, thiab cov ntaub ntawv raw tau ua tiav rau hauv cov tshuaj fiber ntau los ntawm lub crusher. Xyoo 1750, Herinda Bita ntawm Netherlands tau tsim lub tshuab ntawv, thiab cov ntawv loj loj tau pib. Qhov kev thov rau papermaking raw cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj qhov khoom.
Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov neeg pib tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim lwm cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom. Xyoo 1845, Keira tau tsim cov ntoo hauv av. Hom pulp no yog tsim los ntawm ntoo thiab crushed rau hauv fibers los ntawm hydraulic los yog mechanical siab. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv av ntoo pulp khaws yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov khoom ntoo, nrog luv luv thiab ntxhib fibers, tsis muaj purity, tsis muaj zog, thiab yooj yim yellowing tom qab ntev cia. Txawm li cas los xij, hom pulp no muaj tus nqi siv siab thiab tus nqi qis dua. Sib tsoo ntoo pulp feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ntawv xov xwm thiab duab los qhia.

Xyoo 1857, Hutton tau tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Hom pulp no tuaj yeem muab faib ua sulfite pulp, sulfate pulp, thiab caustic soda pulp, nyob ntawm seb tus neeg saib xyuas siv. Lub caustic soda pulping txoj kev tsim los ntawm Hardon koom nrog steaming raw cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug daws ntawm sodium hydroxide ntawm kub thiab siab. Txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntoo dav dav thiab qia zoo li cov ntaub ntawv cog.
Xyoo 1866, Chiruman nrhiav pom sulfite pulp, uas tau tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom siv raw rau cov kua qaub sulfite uas muaj cov sulfite ntau dhau thiab ua rau nws nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias kom tshem tawm cov impurities xws li lignin los ntawm cov khoom cog. Bleached pulp thiab ntoo pulp sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv raw rau cov ntawv xov xwm, thaum bleached pulp yog tsim rau kev tsim cov ntawv qib siab thiab nruab nrab.
Xyoo 1883, Daru tau tsim cov khoom siv sulfate, uas siv cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm sodium hydroxide thiab sodium sulfide rau kev kub siab thiab kub ua noj. Vim lub zog fiber ntau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tsim los ntawm txoj kev no, nws hu ua "cowhide pulp". Kraft pulp yog ib qho nyuaj rau bleach vim cov residual xim av lignin, tab sis nws muaj lub zog siab, yog li cov ntaub ntawv kraft tsim yog heev haum rau ntim ntawv. Bleached pulp tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau lwm daim ntawv los ua cov ntawv luam ntawv, tab sis nws yog siv rau kraft ntawv thiab corrugated ntawv. Zuag qhia tag nrho, txij li thaum tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg xws li sulfite pulp thiab sulfate pulp, ntawv tau hloov los ntawm cov khoom kim heev rau cov khoom pheej yig.
Xyoo 1907, Tebchaws Europe tau tsim sulfite pulp thiab hemp mix pulp. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub tebchaws United States tsim lub earliest kraft ntawv Hoobkas. Bates yog lub npe hu ua tus tsim ntawm "kraft ntawv hnab". Nws pib siv kraft ntawv rau ntim ntsev thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais patent rau "Bates pulp".
Xyoo 1918, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau pib siv tshuab ua cov hnab ntawv kraft. Houston's "adaptability of heavy packing paper" proposition kuj pib tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
Santo Rekis Daim Ntawv Tuam Txhab hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau nkag mus rau European lag luam siv tshuab xaws hnab xaws tshuab, tom qab ntawd tau qhia rau Nyiv xyoo 1927.