Keeb kwm ntawm Kraft daim ntawv

Daim Ntawv Kraft Lo lus sib xws rau "muaj zog" hauv German yog "cowhide".

Thaum chiv thawj, cov khoom siv raw rau daim ntawv yog cov ntaub rags thiab cov pulp fermented tau siv. Tom qab ntawd, nrog rau kev tsim cov crusher, txoj kev siv tshuab pulping tau txais yuav, thiab cov khoom siv raw tau ua tiav rau hauv cov khoom fibrous los ntawm cov crusher. Xyoo 1750, Herinda Bita ntawm Netherlands tau tsim lub tshuab ntawv, thiab kev tsim ntawv loj tau pib. Qhov kev thov rau cov ntaub ntawv raw ua ntawv tau dhau qhov kev muab khoom ntau heev.
Yog li ntawd, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tib neeg tau pib tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv raw lwm txoj hauv kev. Xyoo 1845, Keira tau tsim cov ntoo pulp av. Hom pulp no yog ua los ntawm ntoo thiab raug tsoo ua cov fibers los ntawm hydraulic lossis mechanical pressure. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntoo pulp av khaws cia yuav luag txhua yam khoom ntawm cov khoom ntoo, nrog cov fibers luv luv thiab ntxhib, qis purity, tsis muaj zog, thiab yooj yim daj tom qab khaws cia ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, hom pulp no muaj kev siv ntau thiab tus nqi qis dua. Kev sib tsoo ntoo pulp feem ntau yog siv los ua ntawv xov xwm thiab cardboard.

Xyoo 1857, Hutton tau tsim cov tshuaj pulp. Hom pulp no muaj peev xwm muab faib ua sulfite pulp, sulfate pulp, thiab caustic soda pulp, nyob ntawm seb tus neeg sawv cev delignification siv. Txoj kev caustic soda pulping uas Hardon tau tsim muaj xws li kev siv cov khoom siv raw hauv cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Txoj kev no feem ntau siv rau cov ntoo dav thiab cov qia zoo li cov nroj tsuag.
Xyoo 1866, Chiruman tau tshawb pom sulfite pulp, uas tau ua los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom siv raw rau hauv cov kua qaub sulfite uas muaj sulfite ntau dhau thiab ua noj nws hauv qab qhov kub thiab siab kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv xws li lignin los ntawm cov khoom cog. Cov pulp bleached thiab cov ntoo pulp sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem siv ua cov khoom siv raw rau cov ntawv xov xwm, thaum cov pulp bleached yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov ntawv high-end thiab nruab nrab.
Xyoo 1883, Daru tau tsim cov tshuaj sulfate pulp, uas siv cov sodium hydroxide thiab sodium sulfide sib xyaw ua ke rau kev ua noj ua haus siab thiab kub. Vim yog lub zog fiber ntau ntawm cov pulp uas tsim los ntawm txoj kev no, nws hu ua "cowhide pulp". Kraft pulp nyuaj rau bleach vim yog cov lignin xim av seem, tab sis nws muaj lub zog siab, yog li cov ntawv kraft uas tsim tawm zoo heev rau kev ntim ntawv. Cov pulp bleached kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv rau lwm daim ntawv los ua ntawv luam ntawv, tab sis nws feem ntau yog siv rau ntawv kraft thiab ntawv corrugated. Zuag qhia tag nrho, txij li thaum muaj cov tshuaj pulp xws li sulfite pulp thiab sulfate pulp, daim ntawv tau hloov pauv los ntawm cov khoom kim heev mus rau cov khoom pheej yig.
Xyoo 1907, Tebchaws Europe tau tsim cov tshuaj sulfite pulp thiab cov tshuaj hemp sib xyaw ua ke. Hauv tib lub xyoo, Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim lub Hoobkas ua ntawv kraft thaum ntxov tshaj plaws. Bates yog lub npe hu ua tus tsim "hnab ntawv kraft". Thaum xub thawj nws siv ntawv kraft rau kev ntim ntsev thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj rau "Bates pulp".
Xyoo 1918, Tebchaws Meskas thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau pib tsim cov hnab ntawv kraft siv tshuab. Houston qhov kev thov "kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom hnyav" kuj tau pib tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.
Lub Tuam Txhab Ntawv Santo Rekis hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam European siv tshuab xaws hnab, uas tom qab ntawd tau qhia rau Nyiv xyoo 1927.